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Ischemic strokes are defined by an abrupt decrease of blood flow to a portion of the brain, which is accompanied by a loss of neurologic function. More frequently than hemorrhagic stroke, acute ischemic stroke is brought on by thrombotic or embolic blockage of a cerebral artery. Pathophysiology Blood flow to some brain regions is restricted by a process known as thrombosis. Vasculitis, arterial dissection, and atherosclerotic disease are risk factors. When a clot develops from a different part of the body, embolic events take place. When a clot forms in the atria during atrial fibrillation and dislodges into the arterial vascular supply, for instance, the source of the clot is most frequently the valve or chambers of the heart. Venous, septic, air, or lipid emboli are some additional but less frequent causes. Small vessel disease is the cause of lacunar infarcts, which are most frequently found in the subcortical regions of the brain. The hypothesised mechanism is the blood vessel occlusion is brought on by a perforating artery in the subcortical region.

Preventive measures

Getting routine check-ups: Cholesterol and high blood pressure do not have any overt symptoms. The only way to determine if these are present is through routine health exams. Blood testing and physical examinations can aid in the early detection of these issues and enable prompt treatment. Exercise on a regular basis: A healthy lifestyle lowers the risk of ischemic stroke and other conditions like diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and others.

Adopting a heart-healthy diet: A diet should contain few "bad" fats, such as trans and saturated fats.

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Additionally, people should consume less sodium. They can maintain cardiovascular health by eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and fatty meats. Keeping a healthy weight: Reducing a person's risk for stroke by getting them to a healthy weight if they are obese or overweight.

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Being mindful of family history: Always talk to your doctor if there is a history of TIA or stroke in your family. A doctor might advise taking a daily aspirin if a patient has a modest risk of bleeding but a particularly high risk of a heart attack or stroke. Aspirin is no longer generally advised for usage for this purpose because of the significant risk of bleeding. Getting 7-8 hours of sleep each night and using relaxation techniques to lessen stress may help to reduce the risk of stroke and enhance general health and wellbeing.